The third, modern phase of research is mostly concerned with questions of ethnicity and the emergence of the Betä Isra'el as a new social group in contemporary Israel. The second phase in research followed the three large waves of Aliyot (migrations to Israel) from the 1980s-2000s, during which almost 70,000 Ethiopian Jews immigrated to Israel. The first, beginning at the turn of the 19th century until the 1950s, focused on the linguistic analyses of a number of Betä Isra'el religious texts, while specifically emphasizing their differences from Christianity on the one hand and Jewry on the other.
The Jewish population of Ethiopia has attracted scholarly attention in three major phases. Responsible Team-Members: Sophia Dege-Müller, Verena Krebs, Bar Kribus The Order of the Red Cross, Second Class in silver, breast badge.The Horn of Africa - from Ethiopia to the Red Sea Originally conferred on ladies only but later extended to gentlemen. The Order of the Star of Ethiopia - Grand Cordon, breast star (L) and sash badge (R) The Order of the Red Cross: founded by Empress Taitu in 1901 to recognise services to and by the Ethiopian Red Cross organization in Ethiopia, for the performance of medical and nursing services during times of war, famine or national catastrophe and the provision of charitable medical aid. Commander - limited to one hundred and fifty, 4. Grand Officer - limited to one hundred, 3. Grand Cordon - limited to fifty ordinary recipients, 2. Intended as an order of merit for military and civil services, particularly in literature, the arts, sciences, agriculture, commerce and industry. The Order of Menelik II - Grand Cordon, breast star (L) and sash badge (R) The Order of the Star of of Honour of Ethiopia: founded by Emperor Menelik II when King of Showa in 1879, and transformed into an Ethiopian Order in 1889. Grand Officer - limited to forty-five, 3. Grand Cordon - limited to thirty-five ordinary recipients, 2. The Order of the Holy Trinity - Grand Cordon, breast star (L) and sash badge (R) The Order of Emperor Menelik II: founded by Empress Zauditu in 1924 as a military and civil order of merit. Grand Cordon - limited to twenty-five ordinary recipients, 2. The Order of the Queen of Sheba - Grand Cordon, breast star (L) and sash badge (R) The Order of the Holy Trinity: founded by Emperor Haile Selassie I on 2 nd November 1930 as a military and civil order of merit. Conferred on members of Royal houses and upon persons who have rendered meritorious services. Grand Officer - limited to twenty-five, 3. Awarded in a superior class (Collar - reserved for the Emperor and Empress, members of the Imperial Family, foreign Heads of State, and a maximum of five ordinary recipients at any one time), and five ordinary classes (1.
The Order of the Seal of Solomon - Grand Cordon, breast star (L) and sash badge (R) The Most Exalted Order of the Queen of Sheba: founded by Empress Zauditu in 1922. Soatagnia Maeregëg or Commander - limited to twenty-five, 4. Hulatagnia Maeregëg or Grand Officer - limited to twenty, 3. Fitagnia Maeregëg or Grand Cordon - limited to ten ordinary recipients, 2. Awarded in a superior class (Collar - later separated from this order - see above), and five ordinary classes (1. The Order of Solomon - breast star The Order of the Seal of Solomon: founded by Emperor Yohannes IV in 1874 as the Order of Solomon and amended by Emperor Haile Selassie I in 1930. Recipients were entitled to wear special ceremonial robes on "collar days".
Awarded in a single class (Collar - reserved for the Emperor and Empress, members of the Imperial Family, Foreign Sovereigns, and a maximum of three ordinary recipients who have rendered exceptionally meritorious services). The Collar of the Order of Solomon The Order of Solomon: founded as the special class of the Order of the Seal of Solomon by Empress Zauditu in 1922, and altered into a separate order by Emperor Haile Selassie I.